“Enshittification” is Doctorow’s word to describe the decay of online platforms, from exciting novelty to everyday essential, to what we have today. “Enshittification” has been word of the year in the UK, USA and Australia. It’s been printed in the pages of the *FT* and declaimed from podiums at the EU. As a word, it captures the feeling of a world that is ever worsening. As an idea, it explains why it’s getting worse, whose fault that is, and what to do about the misogyny, conspiratorialism, surveillance, manipulation, and fraud that have taken over the internet.

Enshittification is not a technical glitch. It is a technique that every platform – from X to TikTok, Amazon to Apple, has adopted. First they lure users onto their platforms, then attract businesses who might profit from this newly formed public, and then finally squeeze both for their own profit. Tech giants lure users in with convenience and then degrade their services over time, draining profit at the cost of user experience. In the meantime our public squares have turned somewhere between the mall and a dumpster fire, that is unfit to deal with the problems of our times.

What is to be done? Like a surgeon, Doctorow sets out the symptoms, the diagnosis and the cure to these metastasizing platforms. We need to question the monopolies that dominate so much of our online lives, we must demand regulation and our privacy back, allow for interoperability, and win tech workers’ rights.

‘Enshittification’ will be the most talked about tech book – and word – of the year.